Tornadoes are among the most destructive natural disasters, capable of causing catastrophic damage to buildings and infrastructure in minutes. The aftermath of a tornado can leave property owners facing major challenges, including assessing and addressing the structural damage to their homes and buildings.
Therefore, knowing how to assess structural damage after a tornado is important, as it will help you understand how much you’re entitled to when filing an insurance claim.
Talk to a Property Damage Lawyer Before You File a Claim
By relying on a property damage lawyer who handles these claims, you can experience a better outcome.
Understanding Tornado Damage
Before you evaluate the damage, you need to see how a tornado can damage your home or another building.
Wind Damage
Tornadoes generate extremely high wind speeds, frequently exceeding 110 mph (177 km/h) and potentially reaching over 300 mph (483 km/h) in the most severe cases. These winds can cause:
- Roof damage or complete removal
- The collapse of walls, especially in weaker structures
- Broken windows and doors
- Damage to exterior siding and insulation
Debris Impact
Tornadoes can lift and propel objects at high velocities, turning them into dangerous projectiles. This can result in:
- Punctures in roofs, walls, and windows
- Structural damage from large, heavy objects
- Widespread distribution of debris, complicating cleanup efforts
Pressure Differentials
The extreme low pressure at the center of a tornado can cause structures to “explode” outward as the tornado passes over. This phenomenon can lead to:
- Collapsed exterior walls
- Blown-out windows and doors
- Wide-range internal damage
Foundation Damage
While less common, powerful tornadoes can cause foundation damage through:
- Shifting or cracking of the foundation due to extreme forces
- Erosion or the scouring of the soil around the foundation
- Damage from uprooted trees or other large objects
The Evaluation Process
Evaluating structural damage from tornadoes requires a systematic approach:
Safety First
Before any evaluation begins, make sure you can safely enter the site.
- Wait for official clearance from emergency services
- Wear proper protective gear, including sturdy shoes, gloves, and a hard hat
- Check potential hazards like gas leaks, unstable structures, or a downed power line*
Documentation
Thorough documentation is imperative for insurance claims and potential legal proceedings:
- Take extensive photos and videos of all damage, both exterior and interior
- Make detailed notes about observed damage
- Keep records of all communications with insurance companies, contractors, and authorities
Exterior Inspection
Start with a comprehensive exterior inspection:
- Roof: Look for missing shingles, damaged flashing, or holes
- Walls: Check for cracks, bulges, or separation from the foundation
- Windows and Doors: Inspect for broken glass, damaged frames, or misalignment
- Foundation: Look for cracks, shifting, or signs of water intrusion
- Chimney: Check for cracks, leaning, or separation from the house
- Outbuildings and Fences: Assess damage to garages, sheds, and fencing
Interior Inspection
Move to the interior of the structure:
- Ceilings: Look for water stains, sagging, or cracks
- Walls: Check for cracks, especially around windows and doors
- Floors: Inspect for unevenness, soft spots, or separation from walls
- Doors and Windows: Test for proper operation and alignment
- Plumbing and Electrical: Look for signs of damage or malfunction
- HVAC System: Check for damage to ductwork or external units
Hidden Damage
Be aware that some tornado damage may not be immediately visible.
- Water intrusion can lead to mold growth if not addressed promptly
- Structural shifting might not be apparent, but it can compromise the building’s integrity
- Damage to electrical wiring or plumbing within walls may require specialized inspection
Professional Assessment
While property owners can do initial assessments, it’s important to involve professionals like the following:
- Structural Engineer: Can provide a detailed evaluation of the building’s structural integrity
- Licensed Contractor: Can assess damage and provide repair estimates
- Insurance Adjuster: Will evaluate the damage for insurance claim purposes
- Building Inspector: May be required to assess compliance with local building codes
Classifying the Damage
Tornado damage is defined as follows:
- Cosmetic Damage: Surface-level issues that don’t affect structural integrity
- Minor Structural Damage: Damage that requires repair but doesn’t compromise overall stability
- Major Structural Damage: Significant issues that affect the building’s structural integrity
- Total Loss: Damage so severe that a repair is neither feasible nor cost-effective
Common Challenges in Damage Evaluation - Why You Should Contact a Property Damage Attorney Before Filing a Claim
Several factors can complicate the process of evaluating tornado damage:
Widespread Destruction
In areas hit by a tornado, damage can be extensive and widespread, potentially leading to:
- Delays in professional assessments due to high demand
- Challenges in securing temporary housing or storage for belongings
- Difficulty in obtaining materials and labor for repairs
Insurance Complications
Dealing with insurance claims after a tornado can be challenging, resulting in:
- Disagreements over the extent of damage or necessary repairs
- Disputes over coverage limits or policy interpretations
- Delays in claim processing due to the high volume of claims in affected areas
Building Code Updates
Repairs may need to comply with current building codes, which might have changed since the original construction. As a result:
- This can increase repair costs and complications
- This may require additional permits and inspections
- This can lead to disputes with insurance companies over coverage for code upgrades
Hidden or Progressive Damage
Some types of damage may not be immediately apparent - like the following:
- Water intrusion can lead to mold or rot over time
- Minor foundation damage can worsen if not promptly addressed
- Structural weakening may only become evident under certain conditions (e.g., high winds)
Emotional Stress
The trauma of experiencing a tornado and dealing with its aftermath can affect decision-making. As a result:
- Property owners may rush into repairs without proper assessment
- Emotional attachment to damaged items can complicate the evaluation process
- Stress can make it difficult to navigate complex insurance and repair processes
How a Lawyer Can Support You
By working with a property damage lawyer, you can better assess what you need to fix and the money you’ll need. They can help you review tornado damages so you can receive a fair settlement.
The Role of Technology in Damage Evaluation
Advancements in technology are improving the accuracy and efficiency of tornado damage evaluations. The following information covers the latest in technology.
Drone Inspections
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones can provide:
- Safe access to hard-to-reach areas like roofs
- Comprehensive aerial imagery for documentation
- 3D mapping of damage patterns
Thermal Imaging
Infrared cameras can detect:
- Hidden water damage within walls or ceilings
- Areas of missing insulation
- Potential electrical issues
Infrared scanning or thermal imaging represents a non-invasive method that uses an infrared camera to detect temperature variances in a building.
3D Scanning
Advanced scanning technology can create detailed 3D models of damaged structures, allowing for more precise measurements and stable renovations.
Contact a Property Damage Attorney Now
To make sure you cover the costs of structural damages after a tornado, you should contact a property damage attorney. They can review your insurance policy and ensure you receive a fair settlement. Learn more about your rights today. Schedule a free case review and consultation.